1. Blockchain definition
Blockchain is a technology for storing and transmitting information, transparent, secure, and operating without a central control body.
The European Parliament came to define blockchain as:” a set of blocks integrated into a system sharing a common database ” in its resolution no. 2016/2007 of 26 May 2016 on virtual currencies.
By extension, a blockchain is a database which contains thehistory of all exchanges carried out between its users since its creation. This database is secure and distributed : it is shared by its various users, without intermediaries, which allows everyone to check the validity of the channel.
Introduced into French law by the Decree No. 2018-1226 of 24 December 2018 under the name of”shared electronic recording device” (DEEP), blockchain is now a technology understood by law.
Since its appearance in 2008 with the advent of Bitcoin, the technology has evolved considerably. It is found in most sectors: finance, health, energy, transport...
There are two main types of blockchains:
2. Public blockchains
They are decentralized and do not require any trusted third party. Their main characteristic is that they are accessible to all. The best known is that of Bitcoin, but there are a multitude of them. Although secure, public blockchains do not offer the same flexibility as a private blockchain.
3. Private blockchains
These technologies are based on a centralized system and controlled by a network operator who must approve and declare participants. The trusted third party thus designated to control the network will be the sole holder of the authority to anchor a transaction, a data... In such a blockchain, there is no room for anonymity because the manager must approve each member and therefore know their identity.
The choice of a private blockchain makes it possible to ensure the security of transactions, to offer a system subject to French and European regulations and also to ensure constant confidentiality.
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